The Ks Flare on 000703n, Scan 070
The observer, Jim Young, made the following interesting note about a
star imaged in scan 070 on this night:
"looked like bright flash in frame #183 (+/-) in the K band only! It was a point source...not moving! It seemed to be at the same position of a star as it moved upwards during the telescope scan. Check this out!"
During quality review of this night, the star in question was identified
as IRAS 21095+6145 at J2000 coords 21h10m43.23s +61d58m19.3s. This
star
was identified as the correct match to the observer's description due to
some unusual solo zapping seen in its halo at Ks band.
The
individual images for frames 178, 179, 180, and 181 are shown, with
J band in the first row, H in the second, and Ks in the third. IRAS
21095+6145 is the brightest star in each frame. Note that its appearance
at J and H remains constant in these three frames, but the star appears
to undergo an extreme brightening at Ks in frame 180 only.
Close-ups (all to the same scale) of frames 179, 180, and 181 at Ks
show that despite the
"brightening" of the star in frame 180, the diffraction spikes have not
grown larger in response to that brightening. This indicates that the
"brightening" took place after the star light had passed through the
telescope optics and is most likely a detector artifact of some sort.
The pixel at the center of the star's image in frame 180 happens to be
a dead/bad pixel that is already masked.
Gene notes that the bad pixel is located at (x,y)=(182,80) with the center of the star probably being located slightly closer to (x,y)=(182,79):
Davy,
Very close. The following is a pixel dump of the position of the
source in k frame 180 (r2-r1 less background):
000703n/k070:
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
186: 554 640 806 793 693 656 571 403 NaN 163
185: 568 818 1022 1538 1513 1079 694 493 346 209
184: 586 963 2064 7436 4570 2240 1011 594 416 259
182: 698 1506 9749 55640 NaN 5320 1279 626 408 275
181: 584 1104 2738 27659 24293 2968 1323 749 419 287
180: 391 646 1246 2413 3794 1751 840 718 494 235
179: 373 515 638 1144 1183 889 815 520 421 269
178: 258 350 372 591 632 610 584 477 286 209
the source was probably slightly closer to the center of 182/79.
gene
The results from Mike Skrutskie's subsequent investigation:
I've taken a look at frames 179 (no flare) and 180 (flare) at different stretches. It looks as if the star is the same brightness in both frames, but what is different in the "flare" frame is the halo around the star. The operator sees the images on a tight stretch, so the halo would look like saturated pixels and thus give the impression of a very bright source. I find it hard to conceive of an electronic means of producing a halo. The pixels are well isolated and don't bleed flux for saturated stars. Diffusing electrons radially and symmetrically seems unlikely. On the other hand, a speck of dust on the substrate (of which there are many) might just produce a halo of scattered light. A raw flat field image might reveal such a dust speck at this location. Mike.
Because of the masked pixel in Ks frame 180, that extraction was automatically removed from consideration, and thus the photometry output for this source by the pipeline is correct.
Hence, we believe that this is an unusual artifact of the detector and/or
electronics and is not, regrettably, interesting astrophysically.